Preparing for a Biological Threat

A biological threat is the exposure to germs or other biological substances that can cause a serious illness. Usually, these biological agents must be inhaled, absorbed through the skin, or eaten to make you sick.

Some biological agents (such as anthrax) cause life-threatening illnesses to those who come in direct contact with it. Others (like the smallpox virus or a pandemic flu) are contagious diseases. They can be spread from person to person.

Many of these agents can only hurt you if they enter your body. The first step in protection is to create a barrier between yourself and any contamination.

Watch and Listen for Emergency Information

Due to the nature of a biological attack or outbreak, it may take time to determine what the illness is, how to treat it, and who is in danger. Watch TV, listen to the radio, or check the Internet (www.az211.gov) for official news and instructions.

• Are you in the group or area that authorities feel is in danger?
• What are the signs and symptoms of the sickness or disease?
• Where should you seek emergency medical care if you become sick?

In some cases, you could receive a telephone call or a visit from local authorities to notify you of any danger. To find out what emergency signals are used in your area, contact your local emergency management agency.

Use Common Sense

If someone in your family becomes sick during a biological emergency, be suspicious. Do not assume that the illness is the result of a biological attack. Do not assume you should go to an emergency room. The signs of common illnesses may overlap. These are not usually life-threatening symptoms. They do not usually warrant a visit to an emergency room or urgent care center. Keep an eye on those who have these symptoms:.

• A temperature of more than 100 degrees
• Nausea and vomiting
• Stomachache
• Diarrhea
• Pale or flushed face
• Headache
• Cough
• Earache
• Thick discharge from nose
• Sore throat
• Rash or infection of the skin
• Red or pink eyes
• Loss of appetite
• Loss of energy or decrease in activity

How to Protect Yourself

There are several steps you can take to reduce your exposure to a biological threat. All are very easy to follow. They can make a big difference in maintaining your family's overall health.

• Stay healthy, eat well and get plenty of rest.
• Use common sense to determine if you are in immediate danger.
• Stay away from crowds during an epidemic.
• Wear a facemask to reduce the spread of germs.
• Wash your hands frequently with anti-bacterial soap.

For more information, visit the American Red Cross.

For additional information on preparing for a biological threat, see "Are You Ready?" from FEMA.